df [options] [device name] : It displays the filesystem usage related information
-a : Displays all the filesystems
-i : Gives inode usage information
-h : Displays in human readable format. Shows quantified byte information
Example -:
du [options] [pattern] : Displays space usage on files and directories
-c : Displays grand total for all the arguments
-h : Displays in human readable format. Shows quantified byte information
Example -:
ls [options] [filepattern] : Lists out directories and file entries from the given pattern
-a : Displays all the files including . & ..
-r : Lists all the files in directories recursively
-l : Displays long list consisting of permissions on each file and other details
-d : Lists directories and not their content
-x : Displays sorted list by extension of the file
-s : Sorts output according to file size
-u : Displays sorted list by the access time
Example -:
mkdir [options] [directory-name] : Creates a new directory by the given directory-name
-m : Sets file mode
-p : Creates parent directories if it does not exists.
Example -:
touch [options] [pattern] : Updates the timestamp of a file, If the file does not exists by default options creates it.
-a : Changes the access time only
-c : Do not create the file
-t : Give a timestamp to use instead of current time
Example -:
shred [options] [file_pattern] : Enables to overwrite a file to hide its content, also allows to delete file data in secured manner.
-s : This followed by number of bytes, will shred those many bytes
-n : Number of pattern iterations to run
-z : Add a final overwrite with zero to hide shredding
-u : Truncate and remove the file after overwriting
Example -:
rm [options] [file_pattern] : Remove the file
-f : Force removal
-i : Prompt before removal of each file
-r : Deletes directories and their contents recursively.
Example -:
mv [options] [from_pattern] [to_file] : Move or Rename a file
-f : Do not prompt before overwriting
-i : Interactive, prompts before moving
-n : Do not overwrite an existing file
Example -:
tar [options] [tar_file] [pattern] : Creates, Extracts an archive.
-c : Creates a new tar archive
-f : Specify an tar archive file to use
-t : List the contents
-v : Verbose mode
-x : Extracts the archive contents
-z : Compress/Decompress through gzip
-j : Compress/Decompress through bzip2
Example -:
cd [directory] : Change directory
chown [options] [mode] [file_name] : Enables to change the ownership of a directory, file etc.
-R : Recursively change ownership.
chmod [options] [user] [file_name] : Enables to change the permission of a file, directory, etc.
-R : Recursively change permissions
-a : Displays all the filesystems
-i : Gives inode usage information
-h : Displays in human readable format. Shows quantified byte information
Example -:
$ df -a Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on /dev/sda1 7608792 2469924 4729320 35% / proc 0 0 0 - /proc sysfs 0 0 0 - /sys none 0 0 0 - /sys/fs/fuse/connections none 0 0 0 - /sys/kernel/debug none 0 0 0 - /sys/kernel/security udev 244408 4 244404 1% /dev devpts 0 0 0 - /dev/pts tmpfs 101288 772 100516 1% /run none 5120 0 5120 0% /run/lock none 253216 124 253092 1% /run/shm gvfs-fuse-daemon 0 0 0 - /home/mahesh/.gvfs /dev/sr0 62658 62658 0 100% /media/VBOXADDITIONS_4.3.6_91406
-c : Displays grand total for all the arguments
-h : Displays in human readable format. Shows quantified byte information
Example -:
$ du -ahc 0 ./centos/6 8.0K ./centos 4.0K ./samplefile.txt 0 ./ubuntu/ub10 4.0K ./ubuntu 16K . 16K total
ls [options] [filepattern] : Lists out directories and file entries from the given pattern
-a : Displays all the files including . & ..
-r : Lists all the files in directories recursively
-l : Displays long list consisting of permissions on each file and other details
-d : Lists directories and not their content
-x : Displays sorted list by extension of the file
-s : Sorts output according to file size
-u : Displays sorted list by the access time
Example -:
$ ls -la total 160 drwxr-xr-x 20 mahesh mahesh 4096 Mar 24 00:00 . drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Mar 9 01:23 .. -rw-r--r-- 1 mahesh mahesh 220 Mar 9 01:23 .bash_logout -rw-r--r-- 1 mahesh mahesh 3486 Mar 9 01:23 .bashrc drwx------ 14 mahesh mahesh 4096 Mar 24 00:00 .cache drwx------ 10 mahesh mahesh 4096 Mar 24 00:11 .config drwx------ 3 mahesh mahesh 4096 Mar 9 01:36 .dbus drwxr-xr-x 2 mahesh mahesh 4096 Mar 24 00:11 Desktop -rw-r--r-- 1 mahesh mahesh 25 Mar 23 19:50 .dmrc drwxr-xr-x 2 mahesh mahesh 4096 Mar 9 01:36 Documents drwxr-xr-x 2 mahesh mahesh 4096 Mar 9 01:36 Downloads -rw-r--r-- 1 mahesh mahesh 8445 Mar 9 01:23 examples.desktop drwx------ 3 mahesh mahesh 4096 Mar 23 19:51 .gconf drwx------ 4 mahesh mahesh 4096 Mar 9 01:37 .gnome2 -rw-rw-r-- 1 mahesh mahesh 142 Mar 23 19:51 .gtk-bookmarks dr-x------ 2 mahesh mahesh 0 Mar 23 19:51 .gvfs -rw------- 1 mahesh mahesh 724 Mar 23 19:51 .ICEauthority drwxr-xr-x 3 mahesh mahesh 4096 Mar 9 01:36 .local drwx------ 3 mahesh mahesh 4096 Mar 9 01:37 .mission-control drwx------ 4 mahesh mahesh 4096 Mar 24 00:00 .mozilla drwxr-xr-x 2 mahesh mahesh 4096 Mar 9 01:36 Music drwxr-xr-x 2 mahesh mahesh 4096 Mar 9 01:36 Pictures -rw-r--r-- 1 mahesh mahesh 675 Mar 9 01:23 .profile drwxr-xr-x 2 mahesh mahesh 4096 Mar 9 01:36 Public drwx------ 2 mahesh mahesh 4096 Mar 23 19:51 .pulse -rw------- 1 mahesh mahesh 256 Mar 9 01:36 .pulse-cookie drwxr-xr-x 2 mahesh mahesh 4096 Mar 9 01:36 Templates drwxr-xr-x 2 mahesh mahesh 4096 Mar 9 01:36 Videos -rw------- 1 mahesh mahesh 62 Mar 23 19:50 .Xauthority -rw------- 1 mahesh mahesh 23406 Mar 24 02:44 .xsession-errors -rw------- 1 mahesh mahesh 12494 Mar 16 15:11 .xsession-errors.old
mkdir [options] [directory-name] : Creates a new directory by the given directory-name
-m : Sets file mode
-p : Creates parent directories if it does not exists.
Example -:
$ mkdir testdirThe above command will create a directory named "testdir"
touch [options] [pattern] : Updates the timestamp of a file, If the file does not exists by default options creates it.
-a : Changes the access time only
-c : Do not create the file
-t : Give a timestamp to use instead of current time
Example -:
$ touch testfile.txtCreates "testfile.txt" if it does not exists, else it only updates timestamp of the "testfile.txt".
shred [options] [file_pattern] : Enables to overwrite a file to hide its content, also allows to delete file data in secured manner.
-s : This followed by number of bytes, will shred those many bytes
-n : Number of pattern iterations to run
-z : Add a final overwrite with zero to hide shredding
-u : Truncate and remove the file after overwriting
Example -:
$ shred file1.txt file2.txtThe above command will destroy file1.txt and file2.txt completely, so not be able to recover even using any recovery utilities
rm [options] [file_pattern] : Remove the file
-f : Force removal
-i : Prompt before removal of each file
-r : Deletes directories and their contents recursively.
Example -:
$ rm -rf testdirRemoves forcefully and recursively all the files in "testdir" as well as removes "testdir" directory.
mv [options] [from_pattern] [to_file] : Move or Rename a file
-f : Do not prompt before overwriting
-i : Interactive, prompts before moving
-n : Do not overwrite an existing file
Example -:
$ mv old_name new_nameAbove command renames the "old_name" file/directory to "new_name".
$ mv alphonso basket/mangoMoves a file to another directory and rename it:
tar [options] [tar_file] [pattern] : Creates, Extracts an archive.
-c : Creates a new tar archive
-f : Specify an tar archive file to use
-t : List the contents
-v : Verbose mode
-x : Extracts the archive contents
-z : Compress/Decompress through gzip
-j : Compress/Decompress through bzip2
Example -:
$ tar -cvf techdarting-04-14.tar /home/techdarting/ /home/techdarting/ /home/techdarting/bass.sh /home/techdarting/openmpi-2.1.4.tar.gz /home/techdarting/toolkit_pram.rpm
cd [directory] : Change directory
chown [options] [mode] [file_name] : Enables to change the ownership of a directory, file etc.
-R : Recursively change ownership.
chmod [options] [user] [file_name] : Enables to change the permission of a file, directory, etc.
-R : Recursively change permissions
Hi...
ReplyDeleteyou may add the following commands which are feel are frequently used (I personally use these commands quite often) :
1)tail command
2)cat command
3)ps command to get the status of a process.
4)grep command used in combination with ps command with chaining (|) to kill processes.
5)make command which is used for building the source which is mostly used after unzipping source files from tar/gzip files...
Thanks for your response Jatin,
Deletegrep operates on strings, make helps in compilation and related stuff, and ps helps in getting process status,. this post specifically wanted to highlight only commands related to filesystem handling, so I didn't considered them.
But I think "tail" & "cat" deserves to be added to this list, also I missed "find" command which I think need a place here. Thanks for pointing this out.